Thursday, October 3, 2013

The History Of Professional Wrestling

By Rhea Solomon


The history of professional wrestling is the story of theater imitating a sporting event. A story line is woven giving an emotional reason for fighting. Who wins and loses is a scripted part of the show. Often the script is good versus evil. Both sides suffer losses as well as wins. Wrestlers use traditional skills of holds and throws. They perform daring acrobatic maneuvers and improvise weapons. Female wrestlers use the good versus evil script, with the added thrill of skimpy costumes.

Wrestling is loved by fans, and hated by its detractors for violence and phony battles. Story lines are built around big, mean looking guys. Rules are broken. Cheating is commonplace. Audiences are encouraged to jeer and cheer. Fans find the story immensely entertaining. And no audience fights break out in the stadium, or the parking lot.

Fighting events were popular entertainment in Europe in the 1800's. In North America it was popularized in vaudeville halls and as a sideshow attraction at traveling carnivals. The carnival strongman would fight any comers. Bets were taken. The town wanted to believe in their home grown fighter. Since the carnival fighter had experience in wrestling holds and wasn't above cheating, the town brawler seldom won.

Arenas became the stage for combatants in the late 1800's. Regional promoters hired wrestlers and devised championship matches. In 1901, the NWA was established to promote the sport to a national audience. They organized regional promoters into a cooperative association.

The 1920's saw the rise of catch matches, time limit matches, signature moves, and tag teams. The now familiar tactic of distracting the referee begins here. Also the 1920's saw the rise of contracts allowing for continuing stories and established characters.

The 1930's saw cutthroat competition as regional organizations competed for territory and talent. After World War II, the NWA grew in stature. Promoters agreed to regional territories with defined boundaries. There was an informal agreement to not lure talent away from competitors.

In the 40's and 50's, television increased the popularity of this entertaining "sport". As the market contracted in the 60's and 70's, cutthroat competition again became the norm. Today WWF, renamed WWE in 2002, is the largest company in the business. Vince MeMahon was a forceful businessman who succeeded in buying out most of his competitors. He negotiated profitable TV network and pay-per-view contracts.

Another league that had a major impact was ECW which popularized ladder matches, and the use of chairs as weapons. They popularized the flying leap from the top rope and crashing into tables. Eventually bought out by WWF, the popular hardcore stunts became a regular part of the story.

TNA, Ring of Honor, and Combat Zone Wrestling remain top name promoters in the U. S. In Mexico, top honors go to Asistencia Asesoria Y Administracion and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre. Large associations in Japan are All Japan Pro Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Noah, and New Japan Pro Wrestling.

Well known wrestlers have become internationally recognized superstars. It's a billion dollar business with a revenue stream including event ticket sales, television and web shows, home video sales, and branded merchandise. The WWE alone has over 13 million viewers and shows are aired in 150 countries. The history of professional wrestling is an ongoing story.




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